System Level Approach

Liquid cooling can be very advantageous when done properly. Much of the challenge is the lack of single-source expertise to develop complete solutions. In many cases, prime integrators work with chiller suppliers, pump suppliers, accumulator suppliers and handle packaging and balance of plant on their own. This method has shown strong results but will often times lead companies with a more complex design than is necessary as each component is adding margin and contingency to the design parameters. ACT is a leader in system level liquid cooling design, with expertise in all aspects. With dedicated specialists that discretely handle detailed liquid loop thermal analysis, chiller design, cold plate or liquid heat exchange design and balance of plant engineering all working together, optimized designs can be achieved in a fraction of the time. ACT has also developed a large supply chain and expertise in integrating and ruggedizing systems for specific requirements.

Sub-System / Component Level Engineering

ACT offers a variety of custom thermal solutions to optimize the performance of existing liquid cooling loops. Whether you need to improve cold plate performance, require pump selection, or need support with the fluid control aspects we are here to help.

Liquid Cooled Chassis

When power requirements reach a certain level, liquid-cooled chassis become a thermal management option. This method pumps liquid directly through cold plates that are in contact with the electronics boards. Direct liquid cooling provides the highest performance due to its high heat transfer coefficient but adds system-level risk.

Spacecraft Accumulators

Accumulators are vital components in spacecraft liquid cooling loops, providing volume compensation and pressure control to ensure stable system operation in varying thermal and environmental conditions.

Accumulators Function

In both single- and two-phase pumped loops, accumulators:

• Maintain steady system pressure and protect the pump from cavitation.
• Absorb volume changes caused by temperature swings or phase transitions.
• Dampen pressure fluctuations during transient or variable heat loads.
• In two-phase systems, help manage vapor–liquid balance and loop temperature control.

Benefits of Accumulators

• Stable Operation: Maintains consistent pressure and flow for reliable thermal performance.
• Pump Protection: Prevents inlet cavitation and prolongs component life.
• Volume Management: Accommodates thermal expansion and contraction without stressing the loop.
• Improved System Control: Smooths dynamic transients for better stability and responsiveness.

Applications of Accumulators

Accumulators are used in large or high-powered spacecraft thermal control systems requiring robust thermal control:

• Spacecraft thermal control systems requiring robust, flight-qualified fluid management under launch and on-orbit conditions.

• Single-phase fluid loops for electronics and payload cooling.

• Two-phase systems for the same as single-phase and additionally high heat fluxes or maximizing limited radiator area.

Thinking Liquid Cooling Suits Your Needs?

Tell us about your thermal challenge to get started.

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